![]() This study reveals an alternative method to rinse graphite-oxide using a Soxhlet extractor. Traditionally, the rinsing involves filtration or centrifugation both processes are extremely time-consuming, expensive, unsafe, and produce environmentally hazardous liquid waste in large volume. Proper rinsing is essential to obtain processable and applicable graphite-oxide. The procedure for converting graphite into GO includes two steps: oxidation and subsequent rinsing. The only ions present were ammonium and fluoride ions in which their concentration were also below the standards recommended by WHO in 2014.These water samples collected from different sites in MUSANZE and NYABIHU Districts, should be accepted as drinking-water after manual addition of some important ions like chloride to kill micro-organisms and others needed by our body to improve their quality.Graphite-oxide (GO) is a valuable compound produced by the chemical oxidation of graphite. Based on analysis done in laboratory, these water samples do not contain any chloride, zinc, manganese and iron ions. In this session, different ions like chloride, ammonium, fluoride, zinc, manganese and iron were analyzed in water samples. We know that Water is one of the most important and abundant compounds of the ecosystem and all living organisms on the earth need water for their survival and growth. In third session of this internship, I worked on analysis of water. Essential oils are very useful in different domains due to their chemical constituents such as terpenes, alcohols, flavonoids, fatty acids, steroids, etc. As results for this session, we found that many essential oils were produced by eucalyptus macurata with a yield of 1.39%, and 0.984% for eucalyptus globulus. ![]() Secondly we worked on extraction of essential oil from the fresh leaves of two types of eucalyptus eucalyptus globulus and eucalyptus macurata by using hydrodistillation method. This implies that, the groundnuts are good for production of a large amount of oil than soybeans. Firstly, we focused on extraction of fat and oil from natural products as soybeans and groundnuts using soxhlet extraction method, here the yield were 45.128% and 21.961% of groundnuts and soybeans respectively. The period of internship was one month, that is from 2nd to 31st July, 2015 and it is mainly made with two activities: Extraction of oils and Water analysis. The Chemistry Department planed the internship of students for the main objective of allowing them to be familiar with practical knowledge based on the theory learned in class and make appropriate application of what they studied during the previous academic years. So to guarantee getting higher quantities of volatile constituents with easier steps, perforated tube is an excellent choice. Because extraction is not limited to plant parts, this new tool may be used as a general extraction tool. These notes are important in using low boiling solvent (volatile) for better extraction. Also, Soxhlet needs direct heating source however perforated tube may be applied in both direct heating and water bath. This new tool may be used with less solvent quantity for better continuous extraction series however Soxhlet must be used with more than half flask volume to get fast-efficient extraction. Eugenol was the major constituent in non-grinded buds while grinded powder gave 2-methoxy-3-(2-propenyl)-phenol as a maximal bioactive. ![]() By analytical foundations, using grinded Clove gave different qualitative-quantitative analysis of the tested bioactives in the extracted solution compared to non-grinded buds. Perforated tube presents a good choice for efficient-short extraction time, minimum sample weight and solvent volume resulting higher quantity of Clove bioactives compared to Soxhlet. ![]() Furthermore, this sewed bag can be discharged from its content, cleaned, and reused but expensive cellulose thimble is made for one use. Employing bag sewed from face mask is low cost than high quality Soxhlet-cellulose thimble. It is a simplest tool in designing and handling than Soxhlet apparatus that ensured more contact between Clove buds in their bag and used solvent than Soxhlet. Our observations were gotten from designing and using perforated tube compared to Soxhlet apparatus for Clove buds' extraction. Clove buds in both non-grinded and grinded form were analyzed by GC-Mass. This tool was a Quickfit®-Pyrex® glass tube perforated easily inserted in round flask containing solvent. In this paper, a new efficient extraction tool of bioactives from plant parts was designed, applied, and compared with Soxhlet apparatus.
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